Most cited papers in graphene related subjects

The most cited one is the “Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films” which was published in 2004 and so far it has been cited more than 19,000 times. And this papers was considered when the two of the authors of this paper were granted with Nobel prize for physics in 2010.

1.             Novoselov, K.S., et al., Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films. Science, 2004. 306(5696): p. 666-669. (19,000 plus citations)

2.             Novoselov, K.S., et al., Two-dimensional gas of massless Dirac fermions in graphene. Nature, 2005. 438(7065): p. 197-200.

3.             Zhang, Y.B., et al., Experimental observation of the quantum Hall effect and Berry's phase in graphene. Nature, 2005. 438(7065): p. 201-204.

4.             Ferrari, A.C., et al., Raman spectrum of graphene and graphene layers. Physical Review Letters, 2006. 97(18).

5.             Stankovich, S., et al., Graphene-based composite materials. Nature, 2006. 442(7100): p. 282-286.

6.             Geim, A.K. and K.S. Novoselov, The rise of graphene. Nature Materials, 2007. 6(3): p. 183-191.

7.             Stankovich, S., et al., Synthesis of graphene-based nanosheets via chemical reduction of exfoliated graphite oxide. Carbon, 2007. 45(7): p. 1558-1565.

8.             Lee, C., et al., Measurement of the elastic properties and intrinsic strength of monolayer graphene. Science, 2008. 321(5887): p. 385-388.

9.             Castro Neto, A.H., et al., The electronic properties of graphene. Reviews of Modern Physics, 2009. 81(1): p. 109-162.

10.          Geim, A.K., Graphene: Status and Prospects. Science, 2009. 324(5934): p. 1530-1534.

Who build the first ever nanoparticle?

It is believed that the use of nanotechnology is aged back to centuries. However thousands years ago they build things without knowing what is happening in the bottom line. Greek glasses, specially the Lycurgus Cup is considered to unknowingly use nano scale developments. Anyway the synthesis of nanoparticle with the intention of making nano particle is still surprisingly old. It was  1857 by Faraday by reducing aqueous solution of (Na[AuCl4]) with phosphorus in carbon disulphide [1]. After centuries, when electron microscopy was developed it was found that Faraday's attempts were extraordinary with achievement of 4~8 nm range of nano-particle in solution [2] .  This quite common achievement for gold nanoparticle as gold nanoparticle demonstrate less aggregations than other metals such as platinum and specially palladium. However, Faradays's achievement back in 1857 can not be underestimate. So it can conclude,  Faraday is the first ever person to synthesis nanoparticles and published it properly to the scientific world.

References
1. M. Faraday, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, 1857, 147, 145–181.
2. J. Turkevich, P. C. Stevenson and J. Hillier, Discuss. Faraday
Soc., 1951, 11, 55–75.

 

The paper which revealed the Faraday's achievement